Further Study Resources
Further Study Resources Information
Wi-Fi Standards Organizations and Groups
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IEEE - Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers
https://www.ieee802.org/11/Reports/802.11_Timelines.htm
IEEE's core purpose is to foster technological innovation and excellence for the benefit of humanity.
IEEE will be essential to the global technical community and to technical professionals everywhere, and be universally recognized for the contributions of technology and of technical professionals in improving global conditions.
IEEE and its members inspire a global community through its highly cited publications, conferences, technology standards, and professional and educational activities.
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IETF - Internet Engineering Task Force
https://www.ietf.org/standards/rfcs/
The Internet Engineering Task Force (IETF), founded in 1986, is the premiere standards development organization (SDO) for the Internet.
The IETF makes voluntary standards that are often adopted by Internet users, network operators, and equipment vendors, and it thus helps shape the trajectory of the development of the Internet.
The overall goal of the IETF is to make the Internet work better.
Its mission is to produce high quality, relevant technical and engineering documents that influence the way people design, use, and manage the Internet in such a way as to make the Internet work better. These documents include protocol standards, best current practices, and informational documents of various kinds.
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WBA - Wireless Broadband Alliance
Wireless Broadband Alliance (WBA) is the global organization that connects people with the latest Wi-Fi initiatives.
We are here to resolve business issues and enable collaborative opportunities for service providers, enterprises and cities, enabling them to enhance the customer experience on Wi-Fi and optimize business opportunities that are being built on evolving technology and commercial developments.
Our program initiatives support the development of services; our marketing and events enable members to network, advocate and do business; and the WBA membership ecosystem provides the support infrastructure to drive the industry forward.
We are passionate about Wi-Fi and we are passionate about driving results.
NC-Expert is proud to be a member of this organization.
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WFA - Wi-Fi Alliance
https://www.wi-fi.org/certification/programs
Wi-Fi Alliance® is the worldwide network of companies that brings you Wi-Fi®, one of the world’s most valued communications technologies.
Our vision is to connect everyone and everything, everywhere.
Wi-Fi Alliance drives global Wi-Fi adoption and evolution through thought leadership, spectrum advocacy, and industry-wide collaboration.
Our work includes the development of innovative technologies, requirements, and test programs that help ensure Wi-Fi provides users the interoperability, security, and reliability they have come to expect.
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WLA - Wireless LAN Association
The Wireless LAN Association was originally organized with the intent of creating a set of Standards to help guide the wireless networking community in creating good quality, robust wireless network designs.
According to WLA, "The WLA is a professional association for the WLAN community, defining industry best practices and quality assurance in the delivery of Wi-Fi networks. We bring together a community of industry professionals who share their experiences with one another. This provides our members with a competitive advantage as they become more active and better informed members of the WLAN industry."
During WLA's time, the intent to create a set of Standards metamorphosed into creating a usable Framework, to be utilized by network engineers as a practical guideline. This Framework was created by a group (committee) of member-volunteers from within the WLA - all of whom were experienced engineers from the wireless networking industry. The result of their combined efforts can be found by following the link below...
NC-Expert, for a number of years, has been proud to be a corporate sponsor of the WLA, to assist it in its mission.
In late 2023, for multiple reasons, the WLA Governing Board decided to close down the Association. So as not to lose the hard work and efforts put into the Standards project by numerous WLA members, over multiple years, NC-Expert is happy to reproduce the work product here.
This Framework was previously made downloadable from the WLA website. The intent was for this information to be freely available to anyone who wanted to use it.
At this time, we would like to thank the many volunteers who have contributed their time and efforts to helping create the following guidance Standards Framework documents.
Go to: WLA Standards Framework
Wi-Fi Theory
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Emanim
Link to the greatest little tool to demonstrate Waves, Attenuation, and Wave Interaction:
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Explaining db Math in Minutes
The best and simplest explanation of dB math (rules of 10’s and 3’s) in approximately 11 mins:
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Waves and SWR by AT&T
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Wave Theory and Antennas
Two great videos on YouTube that explain the concepts really well!
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=IWVPJSoJDzA
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Free Space Path Loss
Free Space Path Loss (FSPL) is the natural deterioration in signal strength as you move away from an antenna.
View this blog for more information:
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Understanding the Different Connection Speeds
To watch a short video which explains Connection Speeds, in detail, follow this link:
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Wi-Fi 7
Wi-Fi 7 is the latest protocol from the Wi-Fi Alliance and is based on 802.11be from the IEEE.
To learn more, watch the video we presented for CWNP:
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MCS Rates
To view the supported connection speeds in Wi-Fi, follow this link:
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Wi-Fi Security
Security is of the utmost importance today, especially in Wi-Fi.
We presented a webinar, for CWNP, called "Safe Wi-Fi in a Dangerous World":
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SAE Foundations
The following link provides additional information about SAE Foundations:
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QAM and OFDM Introduction
Orthogonal Frequency Domain Multiplexing (OFDM) is a form of modulation that combines Quadrature Amplitude Moduation (QAM) and Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM).
See this YouTube video for a good explanation:
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Missing MCS Rates
Ever wondered why the 802.11ac list of MCS rates has gaps, find out why here:
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Fourier Transforms
Here is a link with some additional helpful information on Fourier Transforms:
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=spUNpyF58BY&feature=youtu.be
802.11ax/Wi-Fi6 & 6E
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802.11ax Introduction
Here is a great study resource that provides an excellent introduction to 802.11ax high-efficiency wireless:
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Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 6
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Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 6 Release 2
Link to WFA page on Wi-Fi CERTIFIED 6 Release 2:
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Wi-Fi 6GHz Adoption
Link to information about 6GHz:
https://www.wi-fi.org/regulations-enabling-6-ghz-wi-fi
Link to map showing Wi-Fi 6GHz adoption:
https://www.wi-fi.org/sites/default/files/public/images/Wi-Fi_6E_map_20220315.jpg
Empty heaiWireless Client Behavior
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Wireless Client Behavior
The following are links to the different behaviors exhibited by wireless clients, based on manufacturer...
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Samsung Behavior
Enhanced Roaming Algorithm | Knox Platform for Enterprise – Samsung Knox Documentation
https://docs.samsungknox.com/admin/knox-platform-for-enterprise/kbas/kba-115013403768/
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Apple Behavior
Wi-Fi Roaming Support in Apple Devices – Apple Support (UK)
https://support.apple.com/en-gb/guide/deployment/dep98f116c0f/web
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Intel Behavior
What is the dBm values for each configuration of “Roaming Aggressiveness” in the Intel® Centrino® Advanced-N6205? – Intel Community
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Wi-Fi Roaming Aggressiveness Setting – Intel
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Networking Foundation Tips
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IP Subnetting
Here are some helpful videos that describe the "what is" and "how to's" of IP Subnetting:
https://www.youtube.com/playlist?list=PL2LkWWyCD36JVzm_YsZ11mmBpoQTDCsD_
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Wireshark MAC Addresses
MAC Address Aliasing in Wireshark
For Apple -- see Joel Crane's blog for some really helpful information:
https://www.potatofi.com/posts/aliasing-macs-in-wireshark/
For Windows -- click this link, and search the document for "ethers":
Ubiquiti: Useful Information
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AP Antenna Radiation Patterns
Here is a link to help you visualize Ubiquiti antenna radiation patterns:
https://help.ui.com/hc/en-us/articles/115005212927-AP-Antenna-Radiation-Patterns
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Ubiquiti Case Studies
Free Training
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KwOz Koala
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Cisco study - to CCIE level (But good for beginners also)
Blogs
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Blog Links
In this section we provide links to a selection of blogs that you may find helpful...
Our blog page
https://www.nc-expert.com/it-certification-training-blog
The Essentials of Wi-Fi Security
https://wifisecuritywizard.com/
Addressing the Mysteries of Wi-Fi 7
About Wi-Fi 6e and more!
The Wizard of Wi-Fi
Enjoy!
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Open Roaming
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Sign Up for Open Roaming
OpenRoaming is a seamless, secure, and effortless way to stay connected to Wi-Fi networks without the need for passwords, sign-ins, or repeated connections. Built on an open standard, OpenRoaming connects users automatically to participating networks across the globe, making it especially convenient for frequent travelers and remote workers.
For individuals, the main benefit of OpenRoaming is its simplicity and reliability. Once you've connected to an OpenRoaming-enabled network, it remembers your credentials, so you don’t have to worry about constantly entering login details or searching for Wi-Fi access points. Whether you’re at a café, in an airport, or at a conference, OpenRoaming provides quick and secure access to the internet without the hassle of registration.
OpenRoaming also ensures privacy and security by using advanced encryption, ensuring your data remains protected when you're on public networks. This makes it a trustworthy solution for those who need to stay connected while maintaining online security.
In summary, OpenRoaming offers a smooth, password-free Wi-Fi experience that is perfect for travelers, professionals, and anyone looking for a simple, secure, and fast way to access Wi-Fi on the go.
Click this link to learn more and enroll...
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"Ask Me Anything" Webinar Series
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**Free** Webinars